By AARON BOXERMAN The United States and Iran exchanged attacks for the first time in a month overnight Monday, underscoring how a war that President Donald Trump had promised would be over quickly has repeatedly frustrated his attempts to end it. The U.S. military said Sunday that its forces had bombarded Iranian troops on Larak Island that were preparing to launch rockets armed with mines into the Strait of Hormuz, the vital shipping corridor for oil and gas that Iran has blockaded. The…