Michael Kratsios, the director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, in Washington, on Jan. 14, 2026. President Donald Trump’s science adviser told lawmakers on Wednesday, July 22, that the Trump administration intended to drastically overhaul the country’s approach to scientific research, including by shifting research funding away from universities toward individual researchers and private companies. (Eric Lee/The New York Times) By CHRISTOPHER FLAVELLE and SHERYL GAY…